Built-in Functions

Input/Output

Function	Description	Example
print(...)	Print values to console	print("Hello", x, y);
input(prompt)	Read string from user	str name = input("Name: ");
inputInt(prompt)	Read integer	int age = inputInt("Age: ");
inputFloat(prompt)	Read float	float val = inputFloat("Value: ");

Type Conversion

Function	Description	Example
toInt(value)	Convert to integer	int x = toInt("123");
toFloat(value)	Convert to float	float y = toFloat("3.14");
toString(value)	Convert to string	str s = toString(42);
toBool(value)	Convert to boolean	bool b = toBool(1);

Array Operations

Function	Description	Example
length(arr)	Get array/object length	int len = length(arr);
push(arr, value)	Add element	push(arr, 10);
pop(arr)	Remove and return last	int x = pop(arr);
range(n)	Create integer range	for (i in range(10)) {...}
keys(obj)	Get object keys (insertion order)	array k = keys({a:1,b:2});

Datetime

Function	Description	Example
now_iso8601()	Current UTC time as ISO 8601	str now = now_iso8601();
format_iso8601(secs)	Unix seconds → YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ	str s = format_iso8601(0);
parse_iso8601(s)	ISO 8601 → unix seconds (-1 on fail)	int t = parse_iso8601(now);
weekday(secs)	Day of week (0=Sun … 6=Sat)	int d = weekday(timestamp());
date_add_seconds(t, d)	Add d seconds to t	int t2 = date_add_seconds(t, 3600);
timestamp()	Current Unix epoch (seconds)	int now = timestamp();
time_ms()	Current Unix epoch (milliseconds)	int ms = time_ms();
clock_ms()	Monotonic high-precision timer	float t = clock_ms();
sleep(ms)	Sleep for ms milliseconds	sleep(100);

Regex

POSIX/ECMAScript syntax via std::regex.

Function	Description	Example
regex_match(pat, s)	1 if s fully matches pat	int ok = regex_match("[0-9]+", "42");
regex_search(pat, s)	1 if substring of s matches	int hit = regex_search("\\d+", "x42y");
regex_capture(pat, s)	[whole, g1, g2, ...] or []	array g = regex_capture("(\\w+)=(\\w+)", "a=b");
regex_replace(pat, s, r)	Replace all matches; $1 etc	str s = regex_replace("\\d", "x", "_");

Files

Function	Description	Example
read_file(path)	Read whole file	str s = read_file("data.txt");
write_file(path, data)	Truncate + write	write_file("out.txt", body);
append_file(path, data)	Append to existing	append_file("log.txt", line);
file_exists(path)	Check existence	bool ok = file_exists("x");
file_glob(pattern)	Shell-style * ? glob	array f = file_glob("./*.tpr");

CSV

Function	Description	Example
csv_parse(s)	RFC 4180 → array of rows	array rows = csv_parse(text);
csv_emit(rows)	Array of rows → CSV string	str s = csv_emit(rows);

Process / environment

Function	Description	Example
env(name)	Read env var (empty if unset)	str dbg = env("DEBUG");
exit(code)	Terminate with status	exit(1);

Arena (memory hygiene)

Function	Description	Example
arena_save()	Snapshot current arena tip	int wm = arena_save();
arena_restore(wm)	Roll back allocs to that tip	arena_restore(wm);

Wings auto-uses these per request so long-running servers don’t grow memory. Handlers MUST NOT stash arena pointers on globals.

Threading

Function	Description	Example
thread_create(fn, arg)	Spawn thread; returns thread id	int t = thread_create(worker, x);
thread_join(id)	Wait for thread to finish	thread_join(t);
thread_detach(id)	Detach (auto-cleanup on exit)	thread_detach(t);
mutex_create()	Create a mutex	int m = mutex_create();
mutex_lock(m)	Acquire lock	mutex_lock(m);
mutex_unlock(m)	Release lock	mutex_unlock(m);
mutex_destroy(m)	Free a mutex	mutex_destroy(m);

HTTP

http_* builtins are documented separately in HTTP Server (Wings) and HTTP Client.